鱼塘水面无土栽培美人蕉研究

１９９０年起，采用浮床无土栽培技术在鱼塘水面种植陆生植物美人蕉（Ｃａｎａ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｓ Ｂａｉｌｅｙ）。结果表明，美人蕉对水栽表现出良好的生态适应性，水栽美人蕉单位面积生物产量比陆栽增加了５０％左右，开花量增加近１倍，水栽美人蕉花期比同期的陆栽美人蕉延长２１ｄ。水栽美人蕉的良好适应性还表现在它的分枝根多，根系活力强，白根所占比例较高。图１表４参５     

一株荧蒽降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性

采用富集培养方法,从多环芳烃污染的土壤中分离筛选到一株能以高分子量的多环芳烃荧蒽为惟一碳源和能源且生长状况良好的菌株DN002。通过形态观察、生理生化指标及16S rRNA同源序列分析比对,结果表明,该菌株为木糖氧化产碱菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans),最适生长温度为32℃,最适生长pH为7～7.5。该菌株对荧蒽有较强的降解能力,在14 d内对500 mg/L的荧蒽的降解率为92.8%。菌株细胞蛋白SDS-PAGE结果显示,经荧蒽诱导后,在分子量为18～66 kDa范围内有显著的差异蛋白条带。     

染料厂污染土壤中六氯苯的水淹法厌氧降解

以乙酸为碳源,采用正交实验的方法,探讨了水淹法厌氧降解某染料厂污染土壤中六氯苯的效果,研究考察了初始pH、反应温度和固液比3个环境因素对六氯苯降解率的影响,确定了六氯苯最佳的厌氧降解条件。结果表明,初始pH对土壤中六氯苯的降解率影响最大。在初始pH为5,反应温度为45℃,固液比为1∶1的最佳反应条件下,六氯苯的降解率最高达到52.56%。     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

几种可利用多氯联苯和多溴联苯醚植物内生菌的分离及初步鉴定

采用PDA、NA以及高氏一号培养基,分别从毛白杨、绦柳、荻以及二穗短柄草植株内分离、纯化出37株内生菌,其中34株为细菌,3株为放线菌.以分离纯化得到菌株各自对应的营养培养基并添加不同浓度的污染物对获得的37株内生菌进行污染物的耐受筛选,发现24株分别对20 mg·L-1的aroclor1254和BDE209具有一定的耐受性.利用无机盐培养基并添加污染物作为微生物唯一碳源筛选,发现菌株CPY-4和菌株SGL-1可以在只提供4-BDE的无机盐培养基中存活,菌株CPY-4,SGL-1、菌株4、菌株13可以在提供BDE209和aroclor1254的无机盐培养基中存活.形态学观察和16Sr DNA序列同源性分析,初步确定菌株SGL-1为克雷伯氏菌属,菌株CPY-4为地衣芽胞杆菌,菌株4和菌株13为肠杆菌属.     

外源水对碳酸盐侵蚀速率研究——以桂林毛村地下河为例

本文对桂林毛村地下河流域,进行了野外监测与室内分析研究,详细研究了外源水与岩溶水对碳酸盐岩侵蚀速率差异。研究结果表明,碳酸盐岩在岩溶水与外源水中的侵蚀速率存在较大差异,雨季碳酸盐岩侵蚀速率:外源水外源水补给的岩溶水岩溶水空气;旱季碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率:外源水外源水补给的岩溶水空气岩溶水;外源水中的灰岩侵蚀速率白云岩侵蚀速率;碳酸盐岩试块的侵蚀速率具有明显的季节变化,主要受控于方解石饱和指数、pH值与水动力条件。     

空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs) 的监测方法研究

建立了热脱附仪和气相色谱-质谱联用测定室内空气和环境空气中35种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法,方法的最低检出限为0.1～0.9μg/m3, 20μg/m3挥发性有机物标准经6次的重复测定,其相对标准偏差小于8.4%.该方法已用于室内空气和环境空气的测定,取得令人满意的结果.     

Photocatalytic Treatment of RDX Wastewater with Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide (5 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope The polynitramines, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), are important military explosives and regulated toxic hazardous compounds. Production, testing and use of the compounds has resulted in numerous acres of contaminated soils and groundwater near many munitions facilities. Economical and efficient methods for treatment of wastewater and cleanup of soils or groundwater containing RDX and HMX are needed. This study focuses on the photocatalytic treatment of RDX wastewater with nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) under simulated sunlight, whose intensity and wavelength are similar to that of the real sunlight in Xi'an at noon. The objective is to determine the potential for RDX destruction with nano-TiO2 in aqueous solution. Materials and Methods: An activated carbon fiber (ACF) cloth-loaded with nano-TiO2 was put into the RDX containing solution, and the concentration of RDX was measured (by HPLC–UV) at regular time intervals under simulated sunlight. Results: The RDX degradation percentage of the photocatalytic process is higher than that of Fenton oxidation before 80 min, equivalent after 80 min, and it reaches 95% or above after 120 min. The nano-TiO2 catalyst can be used repeatedly. Discussion: The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of RDX under simulated sunlight can be described by a first-order reaction kinetics equation. The possible degradation mechanism of RDX was presented and the degradation performance was compared with that of biological method. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the degradation of RDX wastewater is very effective with nano-TiO2 as the photocatalytic catalyst under simulated sunlight. The efficiency of the nano-TiO2 catalyst for RDX degradation under simulated sunlight is nearly identical to that of Fenton oxidation. Recommendations and Perspectives: To date, a number of catalysts show poor absorption and utilization of sunlight, and still need ultraviolet light irradiation during wastewater degradation. The nano-TiO2 used in the described experiments features very good degradation of RDX under simulated sunlight, and the manufacturing costs are rather low (around 10 Euro/m2). Moreover, the degradation efficiency is higher compared to that of the biological method. This method exhibits great potential for practical applications owing to its easiness and low cost. If it can be applied extensively, the efficiency of wastewater treatment will be enhanced greatly.     

高速列车ATP控车模式的形式化模型与安全性分析

通过评述当前高速列车的发展现状和趋势,结合我国与欧洲在高速列车应用与相关技术研发方面的差距;对ATP控车模式进行分析,并提出采用时段演算针对实时、连续系统的形式化描述工具;根据时段演算的基本符号、公理、定理和推导规则,建立基于时段演算的ATP控车模式形式化模型;通过对模型的推演,对ATP控车模式进行初步安全性分析,发现ATP控车模式下对安全运行发挥主要作用的几个关键环节,特别是确保列车安全行驶,ATP控车与人工控制在转换时应满足的若干时间约束。研究的成果,为设计安全、可靠的ATP系统提供新的理论和分析手段。     

在中型氮肥厂推行清洁生产

在对合成氨厂污染源调查的基础上,通过对尿素解吸塔的改造、铜洗稀氨水的增浓、氨吸塔含氨废水的循环利用、氨泵密封水的回收,减少了生产过程中污染物－氨氮的产生量,并取得了显著的经济效益。